With the UK set to experience possibly the hottest week of the year, it is worth considering how to keep the heat away. There are several tactics available for making this happen. Unfortunately, UK homes are often designed to retain heat. With sweltering heat being an irregular occurrence, centralised air conditioning is an unnecessary expense. However, with global temperatures rising, warmer summers are coming. Therefore, it pays for us to be prepared going forward. Thankfully, air conditioning is not the only solution. Ancient techniques relying on a cross breeze and natural shading can help. Many of these techniques are utilised in passive solar design and UK homes would benefit greatly from applying more of them.
Creating a cross-breeze to keep the heat away
A cross breeze is a natural ventilation method that capitalises on the principle of airflow. As the warmer indoor air rises, the cooler outdoor air replaces it, creating a comfortable, refreshing environment.
How to create it:
- Positioning: Having windows or doors placed directly opposite each other is the first step. When both are opened, air flows in a straight line, creating the desired breeze.
- Adjustable Windows: Windows that open from the top and bottom, like double-hung windows, are perfect. When both ends are open, there’s a better chance of maximising the flow of air. Cooler air comes in from the bottom and warmer air is expelled from the top.
- Natural Obstructions: Check for any obstructions, like plants or furniture that prevent or slow the flow of air. Therefore you should rearrange as necessary to allow for a free flow of air.
- Elevation Considerations: If you live in a multi-story home, remember that heat rises. By opening windows on a lower floor and ones directly above an upper floor, you can encourage the movement of hot air upward and out of the living spaces.
- Timing: Utilise cross breezes during the coolest parts of the day – early morning or late evening. As the evening air tends to be cooler and fresher, this is a perfect time to replace the stale, warm air inside the house.
- Complement with Fans: Ceiling fans help push air in the desired direction, creating a stronger, more consistent cross breeze. If using a ceiling fan in the summer, ensure it is rotating counter-clockwise to pull up the hot air and push down the cooler air.
- Natural Landscaping: If you’re in the planning phase of a home or looking to make landscape changes, consider planting trees or tall shrubs in positions that can channel breezes toward your windows. Not only will you benefit from the added shade, but the landscape can act as a funnel, directing cool breezes into your home.
Using awnings
Awnings are secondary coverings attached to the exterior wall of a building. They come in various shapes, sizes, and materials and are primarily used over windows and doors to provide shade and reduce direct sunlight exposure.
Benefits and Detailed Tips:
- Material Considerations: Awnings can be made of fabric, metal, or synthetic materials. Light-colored awnings reflect sunlight, helping to reduce the amount of heat absorbed. Fabric awnings, like those made of canvas or acrylic, are breathable and block UV rays while also allowing for some light diffusion.
- Retractable vs. Stationary: Retractable awnings can be adjusted according to the sun’s position, ensuring optimal shade throughout the day. They can also be retracted during adverse weather conditions or seasons when more sunlight is beneficial. Stationary awnings are fixed and cannot be adjusted.
- Size & Angle: The size and angle of the awning are crucial for its effectiveness. The angle at which the awning is installed can optimise the shade it provides, especially for east and west-facing windows. For windows facing east or west, awnings with a drop of 65-75% of the window height are recommended. For south-facing windows, a drop of 45-60% is generally sufficient.
- Ventilation: Some awnings come with side panels that can increase the shade they provide. However, these panels can also help in improving ventilation, especially if they’re designed to channel breezes into the house.
- Durability & Maintenance: Awnings made of high-quality materials with UV-resistant coatings tend to last longer. Regular maintenance, like cleaning and checking the framework for any signs of wear, can also extend their lifespan.
- Energy Savings: With proper use, awnings can significantly reduce the amount of heat that enters the home, thereby reducing the need for air conditioning. This translates into energy savings and a reduced carbon footprint.
- Aesthetic Appeal: Modern awnings are not just functional – they can be an aesthetic addition to a home’s exterior.
- Weather Protection: Beyond sun protection, awnings can also offer some protection against rain.
Installing air conditioning
An air conditioning (AC) system is designed to regulate and modify the condition of air (heating, cooling, cleaning, ventilation, or air movement) within an enclosed space. Central Air Conditioning is ideal for cooling large homes or offices. They use a split system, with an outdoor unit (containing the condenser and compressor) and an indoor unit (containing the blower and evaporator) Ductless, Mini-Split Air Conditioners are suitable for homes without ductwork. They include an outdoor compressor and one to several indoor air handling units. Portable Air Conditioners are best for rented spaces or spot cooling. They’re mobile and can be moved from room to room but are generally less efficient. Window Air Conditioners are installed in a window and are ideal for cooling a single room.
Tips
- Sizing: It’s vital to get an AC of the right size for your space. An oversized unit might cycle on and off too frequently. Therefore leading to increased wear and tear and reduced humidity control. However, an undersized unit might not cool the space adequately.
- Maintenance:
- Regular Cleaning: Dirt and debris can reduce efficiency. Ensure the filters, coils, and fins are cleaned regularly.
- Refrigerant Levels: Make sure your system has the right amount of refrigerant. Too much or too little can impact efficiency.
- Check for Leaks: Regularly inspect for refrigerant leaks or other issues that might compromise system integrity.
- Thermostats: Consider upgrading to a programmable or smart thermostat. These devices allow you to set temperature schedules, adapt to your habits and also optimise energy use. For example, during the summer, setting the thermostat a few degrees higher when no one is home can result in noticeable savings.
- Zoning Systems: For larger homes, consider a zoning system. This allows different areas (or zones) of your home to be cooled to different temperatures, therefore providing personalised comfort and improved efficiency.
- Ventilation: Proper ventilation ensures fresh air circulation, preventing mould growth and improving indoor air quality. Also, ensure that your AC system is complemented by an effective ventilation system.
- Insulation and Sealing: Even the most efficient AC system can struggle if your home is not well-insulated. Ensure walls, attics, and crawl spaces are adequately insulated, and windows and doors are sealed to prevent cool air from escaping.
- Installation: Proper installation by certified professionals is crucial. Improper installation can reduce system efficiency by up to 30%, impacting the cooling performance and increasing energy costs.
Installing External Wall Insulation to keep the heat away
External wall insulation involves adding a layer of insulation material to the exterior of a building and then covering it with a special type of render or cladding. This can significantly improve a home’s energy efficiency, making it warmer in the winter and cooler in the summer.
- Benefits of External Wall Insulation:
- Temperature Regulation: It provides a consistent internal temperature by reducing the amount of heat that escapes during the winter and preventing excess heat from entering in the summer.
- Energy Savings: By regulating the internal temperature, there’s less reliance on heating and cooling systems, leading to reduced energy bills.
- Prevents Dampness: It can prevent condensation on internal walls, which often leads to mould and dampness.
- Improved Home Appearance: The process can rejuvenate the look of a home, especially if the previous exterior is ageing or deteriorating.
- Types of Insulation Materials:
- Expanded Polystyrene (EPS): Lightweight and easy to install, EPS is a popular choice for external wall insulation.
- Mineral Wool: Made from natural materials, it offers excellent fire resistance and soundproofing properties.
- Phenolic Foam: This is known for its thin profiles and high insulating properties, making it suitable for homes with space constraints.
Detailed Insights and Tips:
- Consideration of Thickness: The thickness of the insulation layer will depend on the material used and the desired level of insulation. It’s also essential to balance the insulation’s effectiveness with the potential intrusion on external space or features, like window sills.
- Ventilation: When adding insulation, ensure that ventilation paths, like those for existing cavities, are not blocked. This is essential for preventing dampness and maintaining indoor air quality.
- Professional Installation: Due to the complexity and potential pitfalls, external wall insulation should be installed by professionals. They can evaluate the current state of the property, recommend the best insulation material, and ensure that installation is performed to maximise benefits and lifespan.
- Building Regulations: Depending on where you live, there might be regulations and standards governing the installation of external wall insulation. Ensure compliance to avoid future complications or liabilities.
- Maintenance and Durability: The lifespan of external wall insulation can vary based on materials and environmental factors. Regular inspections for cracks or damages, especially in the finishing layer, can help in addressing issues early. Properly installed and maintained external wall insulation can last for decades, providing long-term energy savings and comfort.
